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15th Lesson
Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect tense is used for describing a past actions effect on the present.
 The Formula Without Verb :
(+) S + have / has + been + obj. / comp
(-) S + have / has + not + been + comp
(?) Have / has + S + been + comp. + ?

Example : (+) She has been in French since 2002.
(-) She has not been in French since 2002
(?) Has she been in French since 2002 ?
 The Formula with Verb :
(+) S + have / has + V3 + Comp
(-) S + have / has + not + V3 + Comp
(?) Have / has + S + V3 + Comp. + ?
Example : (+) We have already seen that movie.
(-) We have not already seen that movie.
(?) Have we already seen that movie.

Past Perfect Tense
Past perfect tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed or finished ‘till certain time in the past too ; or past perfect tense is used to express an action or an event that had happened before the other event or action happened.
 The Formula without Verb :
(+) S + had + been + comp
(-) S + had + not + been + comp
(?) Had + S + been +comp. + ?
Example : (+) They had been at home when I came.
(-) They had not been at home when I came.
(?) Had they been at home when I came ?
 The Formula with Verb :
(+) S + had + V3 + comp
(-) S + had + not + V3 + comp
(?) Had + S + V3 + comp. + ?
Example : (+) Dwi had arrived from French last week.
(-) Dwi had not arrived from French last week.
(?) Had Dwi arrived from French last week ?

Future Perfect Tense
Future perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened and finished in the future time that had started from the past time.
 The Formula without Verb :
(+) S + will + have + been + comp
(-) S + will + not + have + been + comp
(?) Will I have been there at 6 a.m
 The Formula with Verb :
(+) S + will + have + V3 + comp
(-) S + will + not + have + V3 + comp
(?) Will + S + have + V3 + comp
Example : (+) They will have gone if you came late tomorrow.
(-) They will not have gone if you came lake tomorrow.
(?) Will they have gone if you came late tomorrow ?



Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect tense is used for describing a past actions effect on the present.
 The Formula Without Verb :
(+) S + have / has + been + obj. / comp
(-) S + have / has + not + been + comp
(?) Have / has + S + been + comp. + ?
Example : (+) She has been in French since 2002.
(-) She has not been in French since 2002
(?) Has she been in French since 2002 ?
 The Formula with Verb :
(+) S + have / has + V3 + Comp
(-) S + have / has + not + V3 + Comp
(?) Have / has + S + V3 + Comp. + ?
Example : (+) We have already seen that movie.
(-) We have not already seen that movie.
(?) Have we already seen that movie.