Surprise and Disbeliefs

Surprises and Disbeliefs is expression that used to express something that we can’t believe or impossible.

Kind of Surprises and Disbeliefs expression are :

o What a surprises?
o That’s very surprising!
o Really?
o Oh, no…………..
o Are you serious?
o What?
o That’s unbeliefable!
o Fancy that!
o You’re kidding!
o I find that hard to believe.

Surprising amazement of something :

- Fantastic!
- How marvellous/beautiful!
- It’s very interesting!
- It’s great!
- It’s terrific!
- Wow, that’s amazing!
- Wonderful!
- What a nice……
- What a lovely flower!
- Hey, that’s really terrific!


Example :

Dina : " Look ; I got "
Zee : " That`s very surprising "
Dina : " I don`t know why "
Zee : " Perhaps you did the wrong number "

When get a surprising fact, you can say those to tell other people :

* Do you know what ?
* Believe it or not ?
* You may not believe it, but ...
* Can you believe it ?

Responds :

* Really ?
* Are you joking ?
* Where ? show me

There are some ways to express surprise :

* Never !
* Oh, no!
* You`re kidding
* What a surprise
* Good heavens
* My goodness
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Asking for Information

Formal expressions
* I wonder if you remember.....
* You remember...., don’t you?
* You haven’t forgotten...., have you?
* Don’t you remember.....?
* Do you happen to remember it now?

Ways to respond:
* Let me think, yes, I remember.
* I remember especially the scenery.
* I’ll never forget that
* I’ll always remember.
* I can remember it clearly.

Informal expressions:
* Remember the old house we used to live in?
* Remember that?
* I’m sorry I don’t remember

Ways to respond:
* Hold on. Yes, got it!
* I know.....
* It’s coming back to me now.

Respond if you forget:
* Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.
* I’m afraid I forget.
* I really can’t remember.
* I’m afraid I have no memory of him
* Errr, let me think. No, it’s gone.
* Sorry, it slipped off my mind.
Asking For Information
Diposkan oleh Shafa 'Cha' Nabilah on Jumat, 26 Februari 2010
Label: Asking, Expressions / Comments: (0)

There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English. Here are some of the most common:

* Could you tell me...?
* Do you know...?
* Do you happen to know...?
* I'd like to know...
* Could you find out...?
* I'm interested in...
* I'm looking for..

These two forms are used for asking for information on the telephone:

* I'm calling to find out...

· I'm calling about...
Construction
Formula

Question
Word

Example Finish
Could you tell me when the next train leaves?
Do you know how much that vase costs?
Do you happen to know where Tom lives?
I'd like to know what you think about the new project.
Could you tell me when the next train leaves?
Could you find out when she is going to arrive?

Formula

Gerund (-ing)

Example Finish
I'm interested in buying a boat

Formula

Noun

Example Finish
I'm looking for information on holidays in Spain.

Formula used only
on the telephone

Question
Word

Example Finish
I'm calling to find out... if flight AZ098 will leave on time today.

Formula used only
on the telphone

Noun

Example Finish
I'm calling about... the offer published in today's newspaper.
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Modals In The Past Form

1. Could + Verb base
>>      To offer suggestions or possibilities
Example:          
Jason      :  Oh, no! I left my shorts.
Nate       : Don’t worry, Jason. You could borrow my shorts.

Mitchie  : I’m having trouble with English.
Demi : Why don’t you ask Tess? Perhaps she could help you.

>>      To indicate that the ability existed in the past but doesn’t exist now.
Example: 
Mitchie  : Ras, can you climb the coconut tree?
Shane     : Well… I could climb coconut tree when I was so young. But I think I’m too heavy to climb it.

Selena      : Grandpa, what could you do when you were younger?
Grandpa   : When I was younger, I could swim across the big river very well and faster.

>>      To express polite requests
Example:   
*      Could I borrow your pencil (please)?
*      Could you lend me your jacket now?
*      Could you please close the door?
*      Could you pass the salt?

2.    Would + Verb base

>>      For an action that was repeated regularly in the past
Example:          
*      When I was a child, I would visit my grandparents every weekend.
*      On Sundays, when I was a child, we would all get up early and go fishing.


>>      Insert rather into the pattern and use this expression to express preferences
Example:          
Troy     :  What would you rather do in the weekend, go to the party or stay home?
Ryan    :  I would rather go to the party than stay home.

Gabriella  :  Which country would you rather visit?
Sharpay    :  I would rather visit Italia than Somalia.
>>      To express polite requests
Example:          
Nick       :  Would you mind cycling with me, Selena?
Selena    :  No, not at all. It would be nice.

Joey     : Would you please pass the helmet, Mary?
Mary   :  No problem.

3. Should + Verb base
>>      To give definite advice (advisability)
Example:          
Mom      : Putri, you should study tonight. You will have English test tomorrow, won’t you?
Mitchie  : I will, Mom.

Joe       : You should paint your door, Kevin. It looks terrible.
Kevin   : Yes, I know I should.
>>      To express the subject’s obligation or duty:
Example:          
*      You should practice for more than an hour.  (to musical friend)
*      They shouldn’t allow parking here; the street is too narrow.
*      Application should be sent before March 25th.

4. Might + Verb base

>>      To tell possibilities
Example:          
Nick     :   Where is Joe?
Kevin   :   He might be in the studio with Stella.
 
>>      To express polite requests
Example:          
Demi   : Might I borrow your coat?
Miley   : I’m afraid not. It has been brought by Hannah for weeks and I don’t know when he’ll return it.
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Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct speech : refers to reproducing another persons extract word. We use quotation marks (" ")

Example of Direct Speech :

1. Jani said, “I’m very busy .”
2. They said, “We have bought a picture.”
3. He said, “I am learning my lesson.”
4. Lisa says, “I got the first prize.”
5. You said, “I will come to help him.”
6. Oskar will say, “I will do my best.”

Indirect speech : refers to reproducing the idea of another persons word.

There are 3 kinds of indirect speech :

1. Imperrative (command/request)
2. interrogative (question)
3. Declarative (statement)

Example :

1. Imperrative (command / request)

Direct : Mrs. Rika said to Dina, "Don't wory about it."
Indirect : Mrs. Rika told Dina not to wory about it.

2. Interrogative (question)

Direct : Risa asked to Nico, "Are you a journalist?"
Indirect : Risa asked if / whether He was journalist.

3. Declarative (statement)

Direct : Mr. Dion said, "I worked hard yesterday."
Indirect : Mr. Dion said that he worked hard the day before.

In comand sentences, direct speech can changed to indirect speech with change "Said" to be "Ordered", "Told", and "Forbade".

Example :

1. Direct : Hamid said, "Open the door!"
Indirect : Hamid ordered to open the door.

2. Direct : Hamid said, "Dul, come here!"
Indirect : Hamid told Dul to come there.

3. Direct : Hamid said to Andi, "Do not disturb me!"
Indirect : Hamid forbade Andi to disturb him.











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Descriptive Text

Purpose : to describe a paricular person, place or thing.

Generic Structure :

Identification : Introduction where or who is the subject being described.
Description : The supporting part of the paragraph to describe in detail to assist the reader to “see” and “feel” the subject, for example, the quality, appearance, uses, habits, and etc

We get the purpose from the text above that description is used in all forms of writing to create a vivid impression of a person, place, object or event e.g. to: •
• Describe a special place and explain why it is special.
• Describe the most important person in your live.
• Describe the animal’s habit in your report.

Descriptive writing or text is usually also used to help writer develop an aspect of their work, e.g. to create a particular mood, atmosphere or describe a place so that the reader can create vivid pictures of characters, places, objects etc. To complete our intention to, here are the characteristics based on descriptive writing or text, below;

As a feature, description is a style of writing which can be useful for other variety of purposes as:

• To engage a reader’s attention
• To create characters
• To set a mood or create an atmosphere
• To being writing to life

While in language function, descriptive writing;

• Aims to show rather than tell the reader what something/someone is like
• Relies on precisely chosen vocabulary with carefully chosen adjectives and adverbs.
• Is focused and concentrates only on the aspects that add something to the main purpose of the description.
• Sensory description-what is heard, seen, smelt, felt, tasted.Precise use of adjectives, similes, metaphors to create images/pictures in the mind e.g. their noses were met with the acrid smell of rotting flesh.
• Strong development of the experience that “put the reader there” focuses on key details, powerful verbs and precise nouns.

Beyond the characteristics stated on, descriptive writing also consists of generic structure in range as:

1. General statement
2. Explanation
3. Closing

The description text has dominant language features as follows:

1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using action verbs
3. Using passive voice
4. Using noun phrase
5. Using adverbial phrase
6. Using technical terms
7. Using general and abstract noun
8. Using conjunction of time and cause-effect.
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Introductory It

A       : To understand this lesson is easy.
B       : It is easy to understand this lesson.

In this pattern, it has no meaning. It is used only to fill the subject position in the sentence. Thus, it is called introductory “it”.
A and B mean the same thing, but sentence B is more common and useful than A. A was introduce mainly to make the meaning of B easier to understand.
Introductory “it” can fill the position both of the subject and object.

Introductory “it” as a subject:
·      To watch musical programs is pleasant.
It is pleasant to watch musical program.
·      To play football must be fun.
It is fun to play football.

When the subjective is an infinitive phrase
We begin a sentence with it when the real subject is an infinitive phrase. So instead of saying, ‘To accept your advice is difficult’, we say, ‘It is difficult to accept your advice’.
Structure: It + verb + subject complement + infinitive phrase (real subject)
·      It is easy to learn English. >>  (To learn English is easy).
·      It is easy to find fault with others. >>  (To find fault with others is easy).
·      It is difficult to know his motive. >>  (To know his motive is difficult).
·      It is difficult to find a good job during these troubled times.
·      It is dangerous to play with fire.
·      It could be dangerous to drive so fast.

Note :
When we wish to emphasize the infinitive phrase, it may be put at the beginning, especially when it is short.

·      To err is human OR It is human to err.
·      To become a well known writer was his life-long ambition OR It was his lifelong ambition to become a well known writer.
·      To invest all your money in shares is foolish OR It is foolish to invest all your money in shares.

When the subject is a gerund phrase
When the real subject is a phrase that includes a gerund, it is used as a provisional subject to begin the sentence. So instead of saying ‘Your trying to fool us is no good’, we say, ‘It is no good your trying to fool us.’
·      It won’t be any good complaining to the manager. (Complaining to the manager won’t be any good.)
·      It is silly throwing away this opportunity. (Throwing away this opportunity is silly.)
·      Will it be any good my talking to him about it? (Will my talking to him about it be any good?)
·      It is no fun having so many children to look after. (Having so many children to look after is no fun.)

Note that it is possible to change the gerund into an infinitive.

·      It won’t be any good for me to complain to the manager.
·      It is silly (for you) to throw away this opportunity.
·      Will it be any good for me to talk to him about it?
·      Many of these sentences can also be re-written as exclamatory sentences.
·      How silly of you to throw away this opportunity!
When the subject is a clause
When the subject is a clause, the sentence usually begins with it. So instead of saying ‘That he was once a communist is true’, we say, ‘It is true that he was once a communist’.
·      It does not matter whether he comes or not. (Whether he comes or not does not matter.)
·      It is required that he should pay the fine. (That he should pay the fine is required.)
·      It is clear that he overheard our conversation. (That he overheard our conversation is clear.)
·      It is clear that you are not interested in this offer. (That you are not interested in the offer is clear.)
·      It cannot be denied that they tried their best to help him. (That they tried their best to help him cannot be denied. )
·      It doesn’t matter whether we buy it now or later. (Whether we buy it now or later does not matter. )
Introductory it with seem, appear and look
Introductory it is also used with seem, appear and look when the subject is an infinitive phrase, a phrase with a gerund in it or a clause.
·      It looked doubtful whether she would come
·      It seemed strange that she should behave like that.
·      It seems possible that she may quit the job.
·      It appeared unwise to offend him.
·      It does not seem much good going on with the work.
Introductory it as an object
It is sometimes used as the object of the verbs think, feel, deem, count, consider etc.
·      Don’t you think it dangerous to drive so carelessly?
·      I consider it a privilege to have this opportunity of welcoming you.
·      I think it odd that she doesn’t write to me these days.
·      I think it a pity that she could not win.
·      We think it improper that he should be so dictatorial.
·      He made it clear what he wanted.
·      I find it difficult to talk to him.
Introductory it in questions
The introductory it is sometimes used in questions.
·      Who was it that broke the window?
It is Peter who broke the window.
·      Why was it that he stole the bread?
It was because he was poor that he stole the bread.
·      When was it that the manager came?
It was at 10 am that the manager came.
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News Item

News Item  is factual text which informs the readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.

Social function of news item is: to inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.

Generic structure:
·      Newsworthy Event(s):  recounts the events in summary form
·      Background Event(s):  elaborate what happened, to WHOM, in WHAT circumstances.
·      Sources:  comments by participants in, witnesses to and authorities’ expert on the event.

Significant Grammar Features:
·      Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
·      Generally using Simple Past Tense
·      Use of Material Processes to retell the event
·      Using Action Verbs, e.g.: were, run, go, kill, etc.
·      Using Saying Verbs, e.g.: say, tell
·      Focus on Circumstances
·      Use of projecting Verbal Processes in Sources stages

There are some rules that can help to make newspaper headlines more comprehensible.
1.    The passive voice is used without the appropriate form of “be”.
Example:  Town ‘Contaminated’
Complete Sentence:  Town is contaminated.
2.    It is unusual to find complex forms, generally the simple present form is used
Example:  Fire Destroys over 2,511 acres of Forest in 2003-2004
Complete Sentence:  Fire has destroyed over 2,511 acres of forest in 2003-2004.
3.    The present progressive tense is used, usually to describe something that is changing or developing, but the auxiliary verb is usually left out.
Example:  World Heading for Energy Crisis
Complete Sentence:  The world is heading for an energy crisis.
4.    To refer to the future, headlines often use the infinitive.
Example:   Queen to Visit Samoa.
Complete Sentence:  The Queen is going to visit Samoa.
5.    Headlines are not always complete sentences.
Example:  More earthquakes in Japan.
Complete Sentence:  More earthquakes happened in Japan.
 
Example of News Item:
 
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Finite Verb

Definition:
A finite verb is a verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the rules and categories of the languages in which it occurs. Finite verbs can form independent clauses, which can stand by their own as complete sentences

The finite forms of a verb are the forms where the verb shows tense, person or number. Non-finite verb forms have no person or number, but some types can show tense.
• Finite verb forms include: I go, she goes, he went
• Non-finite verb forms include: to go, going, gone

Indo-European languages
In the Indo-European languages (such as English), only verbs in certain moods are finite. These include:
• the indicative mood (expressing a state of affairs); e. g., "The bulldozer demolished the restaurant," "The leaves were yellow and stiff."
• the imperative mood (giving a command); e. g., "Come here!", "Be a good boy!"
• the subjunctive mood (typically used in dependent clauses); e. g., "It was required that we go to the back of the line." (The indicative form would be "went".)
• the optative mood (expressing a wish or hope)

Verb forms that are not finite include:
• the infinitive
• the participles (e. g., "The broken window...", "The wheezing gentleman...")
• the gerund (e. g., "I like swimming.")
• the gerundive
• the supine

It might seem that every grammatically complete sentence or clause must contain a finite verb. However, sentences lacking a finite verb were quite common in the old Indo-European languages. The most important type of these are nominal sentences.[1]

Another type are sentence fragments described as phrases or minor sentences. In Latin and some Romance languages, there are a few words that can be used to form sentences without verbs, such as Latin ecce, Portuguese eis, French voici and voilĂ , and Italian ecco, all of these translatable as here ... is or here ... are. Some interjections can play the same role. Even in English, a sentence like Thanks for your help! has an interjection where it could have a subject and a finite verb form (compare I appreciate your help!).

Examples and Observations:
• "When you use a verb to form a sentence, you use it in its finite form, that is, its conjugated form. Verb conjugation will show tense, person, and number, as in She won the game (past tense, third person, singular) or They will run around the bases (future tense, third person, plural)."
(C. Edward Good, A Grammar Book for You and I--Oops, Me!, Capital Books, 2001)

• "Finite verbs can be recognized by their form and their position in the sentence. Here are some of the things to look for when you are trying to identify the finite verbs in a sentence:
1. Most finite verbs can take an -ed or a -d at the end of the word to indicate time in the past: cough, coughed; celebrate, celebrated. A hundred or so finite verbs do not have these endings [see Principal Parts of Irregular Verbs].

2. Nearly all finite verbs take an -s at the end of the word to indicate the present when the subject of the verb is third-person singular: cough, he coughs; celebrate, she celebrates. The exceptions are auxiliary verbs like can and must. Remember that nouns can also end in -s. Thus the dog races can refer to a spectator sport or to a fast-moving third-person singular dog.

3. Finite verbs are often groups of words that include such auxiliary verbs as can, must, have, and be: can be suffering, must eat, will have gone.

4. Finite verbs usually follow their subjects: He coughs. The documents had compromised him. They will have gone.

5. Finite verbs surround their subjects when some forms of a question are asked: Is he coughing? Did they celebrate?
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Noun - Phrases

A noun phrase is either a single noun or pronoun or any group of words containing a noun or a pronoun that function together as a noun or pronoun, as the subject or object of a verb.

For example, ‘they’, ‘books’, and ‘the books’ are noun phrases, but ‘book’ is just a noun.
Noun phrases normally consist of a head noun, which is optionally modified ("pre-modified" If the modifier is placed before the noun; "post modified" if the modifier is placed after the noun). Possible modifiers include:
*           Determiners: articles (the, a), demonstratives (this, that), numerals (two, five, etc.), possessives (my, their, etc.), and quantifiers (some, many, etc.). In English, determiners are usually placed before the noun;
*           Adjectives (the red ball); or
*           Complements, in the form of a prepositional phrase (such as: the student of physics), or a That-clause (the claim that the earth is round);
*           Modifiers; pre-modifiers if placed before the noun and usually either as nouns (the university student) or adjectives (the beautiful lady), or post-modifiers if placed after the noun. A post modifier may be either a prepositional phrase (the man with long hair) or a relative clause (the house where i live). The difference between modifiers and complements is that complements complete the meaning of the noun; complements are necessary, whereas modifiers are optional because they just give additional information about the noun.

Noun phrases can make use of an apposition structure. This means that the elements in the noun phrase are not in a head-modifier relationship, but in a relation of equality. An example of this is I, Caesar, declare ..., where "Caesar" and "I" do not modify each other.

The head of a noun phrase can be implied, as in "The Bold and the Beautiful" or Robin Hood's "rob from the rich and give to the poor"; an implied noun phrase is most commonly used as a generic plural referring to human beings. Another example of noun phrase with implied head is I choose the cheaper of the two.

That noun phrases can be headed by elements other than nouns—for instance, pronouns (They came) or determiners (I'll take these)—has given rise to the postulation of a determiner phrase instead of a noun phrase. The English language is not as permissive as some other languages, with regard to possible heads of noun phrases. German, for instance, allows adjectives as heads of noun phrases, as in Gib mir die Alten for Give me the olds (i.e. old ones).

Grammatical function

Noun phrases are prototypically used for acts of reference as in "The blonde girl shouts" or "She kissed the man". Also possible, but found less often, is the use of noun phrases for predication, as in "Suzy is a blonde girl". Note that in English the use of the copula is indicates the use of a noun phrase as predicate, but other languages may not require the use of the copula. Finally, noun phrases are used for identifications like "The murderer was the butler", where no ascription is taking place. The possibility for a noun phrase to play the role of subject and predicate leads to the constructions of syllogisms.
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Simple Future

Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings. These different meanings might seem too abstract at first, but with time and practice, the differences will become clear. Both "will" and "be going to" refer to a specific time in the future.





Form “Will”
[will + verb]

Example : (+) I will go to your home tonight.
(-) I will not go to your home tonight.
(?) Will I go to your home tonight?

Form “Be Going To”
[am/is/are + going to + verb]

Example : (+) She is going to go to French next week.
(-) She is not going to go to French next week.
(?) Is she going to go to French next week?

USE 1 "Will" to Express a Voluntary Action
"Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary action is one the speaker offers to do for someone else. Often, we use "will" to respond to someone else's complaint or request for help. We also use "will" when we request that someone help us or volunteer to do something for us. Similarly, we use "will not" or "won't" when we refuse to voluntarily do something.
Examples:

· I will send you the information when I get it.
· I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.
· Will you help me move this heavy table?
· Will you make dinner?
· I will not do your homework for you.
· I won't do all the housework myself!
· A: I'm really hungry.
B: I'll make some sandwiches.
· A: I'm so tired. I'm about to fall asleep.
B: I'll get you some coffee.
· A: The phone is ringing.
B: I'll get it.
USE 2 "Will" to Express a Promise
"Will" is usually used in promises.
Examples:

· I will call you when I arrive.
· If I am elected President of the United States, I will make sure everyone has access to inexpensive health insurance.
· I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.
· Don't worry, I'll be careful.
· I won't tell anyone your secret.
USE 3 "Be going to" to Express a Plan
"Be going to" expresses that something is a plan. It expresses the idea that a person intends to do something in the future. It does not matter whether the plan is realistic or not.
Examples:
· He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii.
· She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii.
· A: When are we going to meet each other tonight?
B: We are going to meet at 6 PM.
· I'm going to be an actor when I grow up.
· Michelle is going to begin medical school next year.
· They are going to drive all the way to Alaska.
· Who are you going to invite to the party?
· A: Who is going to make John's birthday cake?
B: Sue is going to make John's birthday cake.

USE 4 "Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a Prediction
Both "will" and "be going to" can express the idea of a general prediction about the future. Predictions are guesses about what might happen in the future. In "prediction" sentences, the subject usually has little control over the future and therefore USES 1-3 do not apply. In the following examples, there is no difference in meaning.
Examples:
· The year 2222 will be a very interesting year.
· The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year.
· John Smith will be the next President.
· John Smith is going to be the next President.
· The movie "Zenith" will win several Academy Awards.
· The movie "Zenith" is going to win several Academy Awards.

USE 4 "Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a Prediction
Both "will" and "be going to" can express the idea of a general prediction about the future. Predictions are guesses about what might happen in the future. In "prediction" sentences, the subject usually has little control over the future and therefore USES 1-3 do not apply. In the following examples, there is no difference in meaning.

Examples:

* The year 2222 will be a very interesting year.
* The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year.

* John Smith will be the next President.
* John Smith is going to be the next President.

* The movie "Zenith" will win several Academy Awards.
* The movie "Zenith" is going to win several Academy Awards.


IMPORTANT
In the Simple Future, it is not always clear which USE the speaker has in mind. Often, there is more than one way to interpret a sentence's meaning.
No Future in Time Clauses
Like all future forms, the Simple Future cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of Simple Future, Simple Present is used.
Examples:

* When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Not Correct
* When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

* You will never help him.
* Will you ever help him?

* You are never going to meet Jane.
* Are you ever going to meet Jane?


ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

* John will finish the work by 5:00 PM. Active
* The work will be finished by 5:00 PM. Passive

* Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight. Active
* A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight. Passive
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Offering

OFFERING

The expression of “ Would you like....”is normally used for offering something to someone.

chiela : Would you like a cup of tea, Mr, Zhezhe?
Mrs. Zhezhe : Yes, please. Thank you. Hmmm...this tea tastes good....and smells fragrant too.......
chiela : thank you. I’m glad you like it.

Formal expressions:
• I wonder if you remember.....
• You remember...., don’t you?
• You haven’t forgotten...., have you?
• Don’t you remember.....?
• Do you happen to remember it now?

Informal expressions:
• Remember the old house we used to live in?
• Remember that?
• I’m sorry I don’t remember

Ofering to friends:
• Want some?
• Have some?
• Chocolate?
• Grab some for yourself

Declining an offering :
• No, thanks.
• No, really won't, thanks
• Not for me, thanks.
• Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.
• I’m affraid I forget.
• I really can’t remember.
• I’m afraid I have no memory of him
• Errr, let me think. No, it’s gone.
• Sorry, it slipped off my mind.

Accepting an offering:
• Thank you.
• Yes, please
• I'd like it very much
• That would be very nice
• Let me think, yes, I remember.
• I remember especially the scenery.
• I’ll never forget that
• I’ll always remember.
• I can remember it clearly.

Example..
It was Sunday morning, Cinta got dressed and had breakfast quickly. She was ready to leave for school. Her mother was a little puzzled.

Mother : Hey...hey.... are you going to school?
Cinta : Yes, Mom. I overslept. I’m in a hurry
Mother : You remember Sunday, don’t you?
Cinta : Oh, my goodnes. I thought it’s a school day !
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Asking If Someone Remembers or Not

Formal expressions
*      I wonder if you remember.....
*      You remember...., don’t you?
*      You haven’t forgotten...., have you?
*      Don’t you remember.....?
*      Do you happen to remember it now?

Ways to respond:
*      Let me think, yes, I remember.
*      I remember especially the scenery.
*      I’ll never forget that
*      I’ll always remember.
*      I can remember it clearly.

Informal expressions:
*      Remember the old house we used to live in?
*      Remember that?
*      I’m sorry I don’t remember

Ways to respond:
*      Hold on. Yes, got it!
*      I know.....
*      It’s coming back to me now.

Respond if you forget:
*      Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.
*      I’m afraid I forget.
*      I really can’t remember.
*      I’m afraid I have no memory of him
*      Errr, let me think. No, it’s gone.
*      Sorry, it slipped off my mind.
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